# Java ConformalLab vs. conformallab++ — Feature Parity

Reference: [github.com/varylab/conformallab](https://github.com/varylab/conformallab)  
Java package root: `de.varylab.discreteconformal`

When porting a Java class, locate the original in the Java repository and use it
as the reference implementation for expected behaviour, edge cases, and test cases.

---

## Algorithm parity

| Mathematical layer | Java ConformalLab | conformallab++ | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Euclidean functional — energy, gradient | ✅ | ✅ | |
| Spherical functional — energy, gradient, gauge-fix | ✅ | ✅ | |
| HyperIdeal functional — energy, gradient | ✅ | ✅ | |
| Inversive-distance functional (Luo 2004) | ✅ | ❌ Phase 9a | `InversiveDistanceFunctional.java` |
| Euclidean Hessian — cotangent Laplacian | ✅ analytic | ✅ analytic | Pinkall–Polthier (1993) |
| Spherical Hessian — ∂α/∂u via law of cosines | ✅ analytic | ✅ analytic | |
| HyperIdeal Hessian — ζ → lᵢⱼ → β/α chain | ✅ analytic | ⚠️ symmetric FD | Phase 9b |
| Newton solver | ✅ | ✅ | |
| SparseQR fallback for gauge modes | unknown | ✅ | New in C++ |
| Cone metrics — prescribed Θᵥ ≠ 2π | ✅ fully | ⚠️ data structure only | |
| Layout / embedding — ℝ² / H² / S² | ✅ | ✅ priority-BFS all three | |
| Exact hyperbolic trilateration | ✅ Möbius | ✅ Möbius + law of cosines | |
| halfedge_uv — seam-aware UV (texture atlas) | ✅ | ✅ | |
| Gauss–Bonnet consistency check | ✅ | ✅ | |
| Tree-cotree cut graph (2g edges) | ✅ | ✅ Erickson–Whittlesey (2005) | |
| Holonomy — Euclidean (translations) | ✅ | ✅ | |
| Holonomy — Hyperbolic (SU(1,1) Möbius maps) | ✅ | ✅ | |
| Period matrix τ — genus 1, SL(2,ℤ)-reduced | ✅ | ✅ | |
| Fundamental domain — genus 1 | ✅ | ✅ CCW parallelogram | |
| 4g-polygon boundary walk — genus g > 1 | ✅ | ❌ Phase 9c | `FundamentalDomainUtility.java` |
| Siegel period matrix Ω — genus g ≥ 2 | ✅ | ❌ Phase 10b | |
| Global uniformization — genus g ≥ 2 | ✅ | ❌ Phase 10c | |
| Clausen / Lobachevsky / ImLi₂ | ✅ | ✅ | |
| Poincaré disk / Lorentz boost visualisation | ✅ | ✅ | |
| Mesh I/O + serialisation | ✅ XML/CoHDS | ✅ OFF/OBJ/PLY + JSON/XML | |
| Interactive viewer | ✅ jReality | ✅ libigl/GLFW | |

---

## Java utility classes not yet ported

These exist in `de.varylab.discreteconformal.util` in the Java library.
They are candidates for Phase 9 or Phase 10.

| Java class | Description | Phase |
|---|---|---|
| `InversiveDistanceFunctional` | Inversive-distance conformal energy | 9a |
| `DiscreteHarmonicFormUtility` | Discrete harmonic 1-forms | 10a prerequisite |
| `DiscreteHolomorphicFormUtility` | Holomorphic differentials on discrete surfaces | 10a |
| `DiscreteRiemannUtility` | Discrete Riemann surfaces | 10 |
| `CanonicalBasisUtility` | Canonical homology basis for genus g | 9c / 10 |
| `HomologyUtility` | Homology computation | 9c |
| `HomotopyUtility` | Homotopy generators | 9c |
| `SpanningTreeUtility` | Spanning tree algorithms | 8 / infrastructure |
| `SurgeryUtility` | Mesh surgery (cut/glue) | — |
| `StitchingUtility` | Seam stitching | — |
| `CuttingUtility` | Advanced cutting (beyond tree-cotree) | 9c |
| `HyperellipticUtility` | Hyperelliptic surfaces | 10 |
| `LaplaceUtility` | Discrete Laplace operators | 9 / infrastructure |
| `ConformalStructureUtility` | Conformal structure extraction | 10 |

---

## HyperIdeal Hessian: FD vs. analytic

The Java library computes the HyperIdeal Hessian analytically through the chain:

```
(bᵢ, aₑ) → lᵢⱼ → ζ₁₃/ζ₁₄/ζ₁₅ → αᵢⱼ / βᵢ
```

conformallab++ uses a **symmetric finite-difference approximation**:

```
H[i,j] = ( G(x + ε·eⱼ)[i] − G(x − ε·eⱼ)[i] ) / (2ε),   ε = 1e-5
```

Accuracy: O(ε²) ≈ 10⁻¹⁰ relative error. PSD guaranteed by strict convexity (Springborn 2020).
Cost: n extra gradient evaluations per Newton step.
Impact: negligible for meshes < 500 DOFs; measurable for larger meshes.

The analytic Hessian is deferred to Phase 9b.