feat(phase3f+3g): analytical Hessians + PI consolidation

Phase 3g — constants.hpp:
  - Introduce conformallab::PI and TWO_PI in a single constants.hpp
  - Remove scattered local PI/pi definitions from hyper_ideal_geometry.hpp,
    hyper_ideal_utility.hpp, euclidean_functional.hpp, mesh_builder.hpp,
    spherical_geometry.hpp (backward-compatible PI_SPHER alias kept)

Phase 3f — Euclidean Hessian (euclidean_hessian.hpp):
  - Cotangent-Laplace operator (Pinkall–Polthier 1993)
  - euclidean_cot_weights() helper + euclidean_hessian() + hessian_check_euclidean()
  - Correct Pinkall–Polthier 1/2 normalization factor
  - 8 tests: cot weights, symmetry, null-space (H·1=0), PSD, FD × 4 meshes

Phase 3f — Spherical Hessian (spherical_hessian.hpp):
  - Derives ∂α_i/∂u_j directly from the spherical law of cosines:
      ∂α1/∂l_opp  = sin(l_opp) / [sin(l_a)·sin(l_b)·sin(α1)]
      ∂α1/∂l_adj  = [cot(l_adj)·cos(α1) − cot(l_other)] / sin(α1)
    then chains with ∂l/∂λ = tan(l/2)
  - spherical_cot_weights() kept as a standalone helper (tested separately)
  - 8 tests: cot weights, symmetry, correct null-space & sign-convention
    (H·1 ≠ 0; H is NSD at equilibrium), FD × 3 meshes

All 62 cgal tests pass (3 skipped as before).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

code/tests/cgal/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -20,6 +20,10 @@ add_executable(conformallab_cgal_tests
 
     # ── Phase 3d: EuclideanCyclicFunctional ───────────────────────────────
     test_euclidean_functional.cpp
+
+    # ── Phase 3f: Hessians (cotangent Laplacian, spherical + Euclidean) ───
+    test_euclidean_hessian.cpp
+    test_spherical_hessian.cpp
 )
 
 target_include_directories(conformallab_cgal_tests SYSTEM PRIVATE