feat(cgal): propagate Newton status + conditioning diagnostics into CGAL results

Follow-up to S2: surface the new NewtonResult diagnostics through the public
CGAL result types so callers of the high-level API see them too.

- Add `CGAL::Newton_status` (alias of conformallab::NewtonStatus) and three
  fields — `status`, `sparse_qr_fallback_used`, `min_ldlt_pivot` — to
  Conformal_map_result, Hyper_ideal_map_result and Circle_packing_result.
  (sparse_qr_fallback_used already existed on Conformal_map_result but was never
  populated; it is now wired through.)
- Map them from NewtonResult at all five entry points (euclidean / spherical /
  hyper_ideal / inversive_distance / cp_euclidean).
- Test: SingleTriangleConverges now asserts status == Converged and the
  diagnostics propagate.

Additive only — existing `converged`/`iterations`/`gradient_norm` semantics
unchanged. 301/301 CGAL tests pass.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

code/include/CGAL/Discrete_conformal_map.h

@@ -78,6 +78,10 @@ namespace CGAL {
 // Result type
 // ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
 
+/// Why the Newton solve terminated (re-exported from the solver; I1 audit).
+/// `Converged` / `MaxIterations` / `LinearSolverFailed` / `LineSearchStalled`.
+using Newton_status = ::conformallab::NewtonStatus;
+
 /*!
 \ingroup PkgConformalMapRef
 
@@ -100,9 +104,18 @@ struct Conformal_map_result
     /// `true` iff `gradient_norm < gradient_tolerance`.
     bool converged = false;
 
+    /// Why the solve stopped (more informative than `converged` alone): one of
+    /// `Converged` / `MaxIterations` / `LinearSolverFailed` / `LineSearchStalled`.
+    Newton_status status = Newton_status::MaxIterations;
+
     /// `true` iff the linear solver used the SparseQR fallback at any
     /// Newton step (gauge mode on closed mesh without pinned vertex).
     bool sparse_qr_fallback_used = false;
+
+    /// Smallest `|Dᵢᵢ|` of the last LDLT factorisation — a cheap
+    /// near-singularity proxy (small ⇒ ill-conditioned solve). `0` if LDLT
+    /// never succeeded.
+    FT min_ldlt_pivot = FT(0);
 };
 
 
@@ -272,6 +285,9 @@ auto discrete_conformal_map_euclidean(
     result.iterations    = nr.iterations;
     result.gradient_norm = nr.grad_inf_norm;
     result.converged     = nr.converged;
+    result.status                  = nr.status;
+    result.sparse_qr_fallback_used = nr.sparse_qr_fallback_used;
+    result.min_ldlt_pivot          = static_cast<FT>(nr.min_ldlt_pivot);
 
     // ── 8. Optional layout step (Phase 8b-Lite extension) ──────────────────
     //
@@ -410,6 +426,9 @@ auto discrete_conformal_map_spherical(
     result.iterations    = nr.iterations;
     result.gradient_norm = nr.grad_inf_norm;
     result.converged     = nr.converged;
+    result.status                  = nr.status;
+    result.sparse_qr_fallback_used = nr.sparse_qr_fallback_used;
+    result.min_ldlt_pivot          = static_cast<FT>(nr.min_ldlt_pivot);
 
     // Optional 3-D layout step (point on S²)
     auto uv_param = parameters::get_parameter(
@@ -459,6 +478,14 @@ struct Hyper_ideal_map_result
     FT   gradient_norm = FT(0);
     /// `true` iff `gradient_norm < gradient_tolerance` at exit.
     bool converged     = false;
+
+    /// Why the solve stopped: `Converged` / `MaxIterations` /
+    /// `LinearSolverFailed` / `LineSearchStalled`.
+    Newton_status status = Newton_status::MaxIterations;
+    /// `true` iff any Newton step fell back to SparseQR (gauge singularity).
+    bool sparse_qr_fallback_used = false;
+    /// Smallest `|Dᵢᵢ|` of the last LDLT (near-singularity proxy; 0 if none).
+    FT   min_ldlt_pivot = FT(0);
 };
 
 /*!
@@ -538,6 +565,9 @@ auto discrete_conformal_map_hyper_ideal(
     result.iterations    = nr.iterations;
     result.gradient_norm = nr.grad_inf_norm;
     result.converged     = nr.converged;
+    result.status                  = nr.status;
+    result.sparse_qr_fallback_used = nr.sparse_qr_fallback_used;
+    result.min_ldlt_pivot          = static_cast<FT>(nr.min_ldlt_pivot);
 
     // Optional Poincaré-disk layout (2-D in the unit disk).
     auto uv_param = parameters::get_parameter(